›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 97-109.doi: 10.1007/s11390-015-1507-4

Special Issue: Computer Architecture and Systems

• Special Section on Computer Architecture and Systems for Big Data • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Adapting Memory Hierarchies for Emerging Datacenter Interconnects

Tao Jiang1,2(江涛), Member, CCF, ACM, IEEE, Rui Hou1(侯锐), Member, CCF, ACM, IEEE, Jian-Bo Dong1(董建波), Member, CCF, ACM, IEEE, Lin Chai1,2(柴琳), Sally A. McKee3, Member, ACM, IEEE, Bin Tian4(田斌), Member, CCF, Li-Xin Zhang1(张立新), Member, ACM, IEEE, Ning-Hui Sun1(孙凝晖), Fellow, CCF, Member, ACM, IEEE   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China;
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3 Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden;
    4 National High Performance Integrated Circuit Design Center (Shanghai), Shanghai 201204, China
  • Received:2014-07-14 Revised:2014-12-15 Online:2015-01-05 Published:2015-01-05
  • About author:Tao Jiang received his M.S. degree in computer architecture from Institute of Computing Technology (ICT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, in 2007. He is an assistant professor of ICT, CAS. His main research interests include computer architecture and operating system. He is a member of CCF, ACM, and IEEE.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. XDA06010401, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61100010, 61402438, and 61402439.

Efficient resource utilization requires that emerging datacenter interconnects support both high performance communication and efficient remote resource sharing. These goals require that the network be more tightly coupled with the CPU chips. Designing a new interconnection technology thus requires considering not only the interconnection itself, but also the design of the processors that will rely on it. In this paper, we study memory hierarchy implications for the design of high-speed datacenter interconnects — particularly as they affect remote memory access — and we use PCIe as the vehicle for our investigations. To that end, we build three complementary platforms: a PCIe-interconnected prototype server with which we measure and analyze current bottlenecks; a software simulator that lets us model microarchitectural and cache hierarchy changes; and an FPGA prototype system with a streamlined switchless customized protocol Thunder with which we study hardware optimizations outside the processor. We highlight several architectural modifications to better support remote memory access and communication, and quantify their impact and limitations.

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