Journal of Computer Science and Technology ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 985-1001.doi: 10.1007/s11390-021-1234-y

Special Issue: Data Management and Data Mining

• Special Section of APPT 2021 (Part 1) • Previous Articles     Next Articles

SOOP: Efficient Distributed Graph Computation Supporting Second-Order Random Walks

Songjie Niu1,2, Student Member, CCF, and Dongyan Zhou3        

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China;
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3 Bytedance Technology, Beijing 100086, China
  • Received:2020-12-25 Revised:2021-08-23 Online:2021-09-30 Published:2021-09-30
  • About author:Songjie Niu received her B.E. degree in software engineering from Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, in 2014. She is a Ph.D. candidate at Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. Her research interests include graph computation, database systems, and big data processing. She is a student member of CCF.

The second-order random walk has recently been shown to effectively improve the accuracy in graph analysis tasks. Existing work mainly focuses on centralized second-order random walk (SOW) algorithms. SOW algorithms rely on edge-to-edge transition probabilities to generate next random steps. However, it is prohibitively costly to store all the probabilities for large-scale graphs, and restricting the number of probabilities to consider can negatively impact the accuracy of graph analysis tasks. In this paper, we propose and study an alternative approach, SOOP (second-order random walks with on-demand probability computation), that avoids the space overhead by computing the edge-to-edge transition probabilities on demand during the random walk. However, the same probabilities may be computed multiple times when the same edge appears multiple times in SOW, incurring extra cost for redundant computation and communication. We propose two optimization techniques that reduce the complexity of computing edge-to-edge transition probabilities to generate next random steps, and reduce the cost of communicating out-neighbors for the probability computation, respectively. Our experiments on real-world and synthetic graphs show that SOOP achieves orders of magnitude better performance than baseline precompute solutions, and it can efficiently computes SOW algorithms on billion-scale graphs.

Key words: second-order random walk (SOW); Node2Vec; second-order PageRank; distributed graph computation; SOOP (second-order random walks with on-demand probability computation);

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[1] Songjie Niu, Shimin Chen. TransGPerf: Exploiting Transfer Learning for Modeling Distributed Graph Computation Performance [J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2021, 36(4): 778-791.
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