Journal of Computer Science and Technology ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 61-76.doi: 10.1007/s11390-019-1899-7

Special Issue: Computer Architecture and Systems

• Computer Architecture and Systems • Previous Articles     Next Articles

ROCO: Using a Solid State Drive Cache to Improve the Performance of a Host-Aware Shingled Magnetic Recording Drive

Wen-Guo Liu1, Ling-Fang Zeng1,*, Senior Member, CCF, Member, ACM, IEEE Dan Feng1, Senior Member, CCF, Member, ACM, IEEE, and Kenneth B. Kent2, Senior Member, IEEE   

  1. 1 School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
    2 Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, E3B 5A3, Canada
  • Received:2018-01-08 Revised:2018-10-09 Online:2019-01-05 Published:2019-01-12
  • Contact: Ling-Fang Zeng E-mail:lfzeng@hust.edu.cn
  • About author:Wen-Guo Liu received his B.E. degree in information and computing science from Jinan University, Jinan, in 2008, and M.E. degree in computer science and technology from Hunan University, Changsha, in 2011. He is currently working toward his Ph.D. degree in the School of Computer Science and Technology from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan. His research interest includes solid state drives, shingle magnetic recording, and hybrid storage systems.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61472153.

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Shingled magnetic recording (SMR) can effectively increase the capacity of hard disk drives (HDDs). Hostaware SMR (HA-SMR) is expected to be more popular than other SMR models because of its backward compatibility and new SMR-specific APIs. However, an HA-SMR drive often suffers performance degradation under write-intensive workloads because of frequent non-sequential writes buffered in the disk cache. The non-sequential writes mainly come from update writes, small random writes and out-of-order writes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid storage system called ROCO which aims to use a solid state drive (SSD) cache to improve the performance of an HA-SMR drive. ROCO reorders out-of-order writes belonging to the same zone and uses the SSD cache to absorb update writes and small random writes. We also design a data replacement algorithm called CREA for the SSD cache. CREA first conducts zone-oriented hot/cold data identification to identify cold-cached zones and hot-cached zones, and then evicts data blocks belonging to colder zones with higher priorities that can be sequentially written or written through host-side read-modify-write operations. It gives the lowest priority to data blocks belonging to the hottest-cached zone that have to be non-sequentially written. Experimental results show that ROCO can effectively reduce non-sequential writes to the HA-SMR drive and improve the performance of the HA-SMR drive.

Key words: solid state drive (SSD) cache; host-aware shingled magnetic recording (HA-SMR) drive; zone-oriented block reordering; zone-oriented hot/cold data identification; data replacement algorithm;

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