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Ye-Wen Li, Guang-Ming Tan, Xue-Qi Li. FuHsi: Shifting Base-calling Closer to Sequencer via In-cache Acceleration[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-025-3886-5
Citation: Ye-Wen Li, Guang-Ming Tan, Xue-Qi Li. FuHsi: Shifting Base-calling Closer to Sequencer via In-cache Acceleration[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-025-3886-5

FuHsi: Shifting Base-calling Closer to Sequencer via In-cache Acceleration

Funds: The work is supported in part by NKRDP (2021YFB0300202), the National Key R&D Program of China under Grants No. 2022YFB4500403, National Natural Science Foundation of China, under Grant No. 62202454, 62032023, T2125013.
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  • Received Date: October 22, 2023
  • Revised Date: July 05, 2024
  • Accepted Date: January 13, 2025
  • Base-calling is an essential step in the analysis of third-generation genome data. Many previous hardware efforts aimed at enhancing processing in the workflow. However, an order of magnitude throughput gap still exists. In this paper, we propose FuHsi to improve the end-to-end throughput of the base-calling process. FuHsi is an in-cache accelerator that only introduces three components to the traditional CPUs in the sequencer. We propose FuHsi Cache, which offloads the bottleneck operations to cache arithmetic. Specifically, we accelerate beam search, string conversion, and MAC using algorithm/hardware co-design. We also introduce FuHsi APIs and FuHsi Controller to provide coarse-grained control for FuHsi Cache. Experimental results show that FuHsi can achieve 45.7×, 113.1×, and 100×throughput per watt speedup when compared with an NVIDIA Jetson baseline, an NVIDIA A100 GPU baseline, and the Helix accelerator, respectively. FuHsi can provide base-calling requests for up to 15 ONT sequencers simultaneously.
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