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DUSM:一种基于严格用例和屏幕模型的需求规范和细化的方法

DUSM: A Method for Requirements Specification and Refinement Based on Disciplined Use Cases and Screen Mockups

  • 摘要: 本文提出了DUSM (Disciplined Use Cases with Screen Mockups),它是一种基于严格用例和屏幕模型描述和细化需求规范的新方法。严格用例的特点是,使用一种十分严格的模型来防止常见错误,并提升规约质量。用例描述使用一种结构化的自然语言,以达到较好的精确水平,避免使用更多更复杂的符号和模型。屏幕模型精准地对应用例场景中的步骤,并且呈现了这些步骤执行前(后)由人类所见到的相应的GUIs(图解用户界面),以此改进用户界面中非功能需求的表达和理解。在热那亚大学软件工程课程中,我们提出并调整了好几个版本的DUSM。接着,通过一系列的案例分析和实验,我们验证了此方法并评估了以下两点:1)它在提升理解和改进所生成的需求规约质量方面的有效性;2)它在行业的适用性,在这些行业里,此方法可用且不会特别麻烦。

     

    Abstract: In this work, we present DUSM (Disciplined Use Cases with Screen Mockups), a novel method for describing and refining requirements specifications based on disciplined use cases and screen mockups. Disciplined use cases are characterized by a quite stringent template to prevent common mistakes, and to increase the quality of the specifications. Use cases descriptions are formulated in a structured natural language, which allows to reach a good level of precision, avoiding the need for further notations and complex models. Screen mockups are precisely associated with the steps of the use cases scenarios and they present the corresponding GUIs (graphical user interfaces) as seen by the human actors before/after the steps executions, improving the comprehension and the expression of the non-functional requirements on the user interface. DUSM has been proposed and fine-tuned during several editions of a software engineering course at the University of Genova. Then, by means of a series of case studies and experiments, we validated the method and evaluated:1) its effectiveness in improving the comprehension and, in general, the quality of the produced requirements specification, and 2) its applicability in the industry, where the method has been found useful and not particularly onerous.

     

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