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一种基于时空因果性的城市感知数据治理方法

A Spatiotemporal Causality Based Governance Framework for Noisy Urban Sensory Data

  • 摘要: 城市感知是城市计算的基本组成部分之一。它使用部署在不同地理空间位置的各种传感器,持续监测城市的自然和人文环境。但是,这些传感器由于分布不均匀,采样率低和故障率高等原因,往往读数不太可靠。本文提出了一个创新的框架来检测噪声数据,并从时空因果关系的角度修复它们。该方法使用Skip-gram模型来估计空间相关性,采用长短期记忆神经网络来估计时间相关性。该框架由三个主要模块组成:1)嵌入空间信息的双向LSTM序列标记模块,用于检测噪声数据和潜在丢失数据。2)嵌入空间信息的双向LSTM序列预测模块预测缺失轨迹点的位置。3)融合物体特征的数据修复模块,用于修复错误数据。该方法采用中国某中等规模城市中3000余电子交通卡口设备收集的实际数据进行评估,结果优于多种参考方法。与原始数据相比,修复后的数据准确性提高了12.9%,该方法在城市治理的各种实际应用中发挥了重要作用,例如刑事侦查,交通违规监控和设备维护。

     

    Abstract: Urban sensing is one of the fundamental building blocks of urban computing. It uses various types of sensors deployed in different geospatial locations to continuously and cooperatively monitor the natural and cultural environment in urban areas. Nevertheless, issues such as uneven distribution, low sampling rate and high failure ratio of sensors often make their readings less reliable. This paper provides an innovative framework to detect the noise data as well as to repair them from a spatial-temporal causality perspective rather than to deal with them individually. This can be achieved by connecting data through monitored objects, using the Skip-gram model to estimate spatial correlation and long shortterm memory to estimate temporal correlation. The framework consists of three major modules: 1) a space embedded Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM)-based sequence labeling module to detect the noise data and the latent missing data; 2) a space embedded BiLSTM-based sequence predicting module calculating the value of the missing data; 3) an object characteristics fusion repairing module to correct the spatial and temporal dislocation sensory data. The approach is evaluated with real-world data collected by over 3 000 electronic traffic bayonet devices in a citywide scale of a medium-sized city in China, and the result is superior to those of several referenced approaches. With a 12.9% improvement in data accuracy over the raw data, the proposed framework plays a significant role in various real-world use cases in urban governance, such as criminal investigation, traffic violation monitoring, and equipment maintenance.

     

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