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用于提高工业嵌入式非易失随机存储器使用寿命与安全的技术

SENTRY: Lifetime Secure Technique for Industry Embedded Non-Volatile Random-Access Memory

  • 摘要:
    研究背景 新兴的非易失性存储器(NVM),包括电阻式随机存储器(RRAM)和磁性随机存储器(MRAM),已经成为智能嵌入式系统的有前途的解决方案。工业嵌入式NVM具有非易失性和低漏电功耗的特点,可用于开发高能效的人工智能处理器,但这类存储器通常耐久性较低,最大写入次数仅为 10⁴至 10⁶次,大幅缩短了嵌入式系统的使用寿命。此外,不均匀的数据访问会进一步缩短基于 NVM 的智能嵌入式系统的生命周期;而针对NVM的恶意攻击,例如重复写入相同地址,会快速损坏NVM,极大地缩短这类智能嵌入式系统的使用周期。
    目的 我们研究致力于延长智能嵌入式系统中非易失存储器(NVM)的使用寿命,并提高其使用安全。
    方法 我们提出一种基于行-列数据搬移的损耗均衡技术SENTRY:将一维地址空间抽象为一个个虚拟地址单元,然后重新排列为二维阵列;基于二维阵列进行行列搬移,改变逻辑地址与物理地址的地址映射,将频繁访问高效地分散到整个存储空间,提高基于NVM系统的使用寿命与安全性。我们基于TSMC 22 nm的电阻式随机存储器与磁性随机存储器进行设计,并分析了多种任务的实际访问分布,进行使用寿命提升和搬移开销的评估。
    结果 SNETRY提供了访问分布的数学模型,以加速NVM损耗均衡算法研究,同时提供了一种自动化调参方法以支持多种应用场景。根据实验结果,SENTRY将非易失存储器寿命利用率从26.84%提高到96.07%,搬移开销仅为1.47%。此外,与基线相比,SENTRY将非易失存储器抵御恶意地址攻击的能力提高了6 048倍。
    结论 非易失存储器实际应用面临使用寿命不满足使用需求且易受到攻击而损坏的挑战。本文提出了一种提高基于工业非易失存储器NVM的嵌入式系统使用寿命和安全性的技术。SENTRY可以以极低的搬移开销提高其使用寿命,且面对恶意地址攻击时,可极大地增强抵御能力。此外,还提供了访问分布的数学模型与自动化调参方法。后续将根据更多的应用分布来完善数学模型,同时进一步优化SENTRY。

     

    Abstract: Emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs), including resistive random-access memory (RRAM) and magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), have been promising solutions for intelligent embedded systems. With the non-volatility and low leakage power consumption, the industry-based embedded NVMs can be used to develop energy-efficient artificial intelligent processors. However, industry-based NVMs typically have low endurance with only 10^4 to 10^6 maximum write times, shortening the lifetime of embedded systems. In addition, non-uniform write distribution to physical addresses onto NVMs may further reduce system lifetime. Furthermore, several intentional attacks, such as malicious writing, may impair embedded NVMs. In this paper, we present a novel wear-leveling technique based on row-column data movement, SENTRY, to extend system lifetime. We explore industry-based embedded NVM chips and analyze practical data distributions of several tasks. We design a coordinate system based moving method with negligible storage overhead for more efficient data movement. The experiment shows that SENTRY achieves a 96.07% life utilization rate with 1.47% data movement overhead. In addition, SENTRY increases the endurance margin of memory by 6048x compared with an unprotected baseline (without SENTRY) under malicious address attacks.

     

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