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关于含正规霍尔子群的群的同构问题

On Isomorphism Testing of Groups with Normal Hall Subgroups

  • 摘要: 正规霍尔子群是一个正规子群,并满足它的阶和它的指数是互素的这一条件。Schur-Zassenhaus定理表示每一个正规霍尔子群都有一个补群,也就是一个构成子群的陪集代表元集。在这篇论文里,我们给出了一个测试含有至少一个正规霍尔子群的群类的同构的算法框架。这里,群是用凯莱表给出的。为了建立这个框架,我们首先观察到Schur-Zassenhaus定理的证明是构造性的,并给出了测试这类群同构的充分必要条件。这个条件涉及到正规子群、补群的同构,以及补群在正规子群上的共轭作用。
    我们然后关注当正规子群是阿贝尔群的情形。通过基本的线性表示论和Le Gall在STACS 2009的论文中的技术,我们首先给出了当补群由有限个元素生成时,一个多项式时间的同构算法。当补群是基本阿贝尔群时,它不一定由有限个元素生成。这时我们将同构测试这个问题归约到推广的线性编码的等价性测试问题(该问题是问两个线性编码在坐标轴的置换下是否相同)。然后通过对Babai(参见Babai等在SODA 2011的论文)对线性编码等价性测试问题的算法的简单推广,我们给出了对补群是基本阿贝尔群情形的多项式时间算法。在以上的归约中,我们需要研究如下的关于群的线性表示论的 问题,即:令ρτ是群H在Zpd,p是一个素数,在时间poly(|H|, pd)内决定是否有H的一个同构Φ,使得导出表示ροΦτ是等价的。

     

    Abstract: A normal Hall subgroup N of a group G is a normal subgroup with its order coprime with its index. Schur-Zassenhaus theorem states that every normal Hall subgroup has a complement subgroup, that is a set of coset representatives H which also forms a subgroup of G. In this paper, we present a framework to test isomorphism of groups with at least one normal Hall subgroup, when groups are given as multiplication tables. To establish the framework, we first observe that a proof of Schur-Zassenhaus theorem is constructive, and formulate a necessary and sufficient condition for testing isomorphism in terms of the associated actions of the semidirect products, and isomorphisms of the normal parts and complement parts. We then focus on the case when the normal subgroup is abelian. Utilizing basic facts of representation theory of finite groups and a technique by Le Gall (STACS 2009), we first get an efficient isomorphism testing algorithm when the complement has bounded number of generators. For the case when the complement subgroup is elementary abelian, which does not necessarily have bounded number of generators, we obtain a polynomial time isomorphism testing algorithm by reducing to generalized code isomorphism problem, which asks whether two linear subspaces are the same up to permutation of coordinates. A solution to the latter can be obtained by a mild extension of the singly exponential (in the number of coordinates) time algorithm for code isomorphism problem developed recently by Babai et al. (SODA 2011). Enroute to obtaining the above reduction, we study the following computational problem in representation theory of finite groups: given two representations ρ and τ of a group H over Zpd, p a prime, determine if there exists an automorphism Φ:HH, such that the induced representation ρΦ=ρ ο Φ and τ are equivalent, in time poly(|H|, pd).

     

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