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基于的特征选择的用于加速芯片物理设计Floorplan的机器学习框架

A Machine Learning Framework with Feature Selection for Floorplan Acceleration in IC Physical Design

  • 摘要: Floorplan是一个重要的过程,其质量决定了物理设计中的时序收敛结果。生成具有令人满意的时序结果的Floorplan是耗时的,因为在生成-评估迭代上花费了大量时间。将机器学习应用于Floorplan阶段是加速Floorplan迭代的潜在方法。然而,存在两个挑战,即选择适当的特征并实现令人满意的模型精度。在本文中,我们提出了一种用于Floorplan加速的机器学习框架,具有特征选择和模型堆叠来客服挑战,旨在减少集成电路物理设计的时间和精力。具体而言,所提出的框架支持在早期Floorplan阶段预测SRAM的布线后时序结果。首先,我们引入一种特征选择方法来排序和选择重要特征。考虑到特征重要性和模型精度,我们将特征数量从27减少到15(减少44%),这可以简化数据集并帮助引导新手设计师。然后,我们通过组合不同类型的模型来构建堆叠模型以提高准确性。在28nm技术中,我们在时序结果上获得了小于23.03ps的平均绝对误差,并且将评估时间从8小时减少到不到60秒,有效地加速了Floorplan过程。基于我们提出的框架,我们可以以远超传统方法的速度在几秒钟内进行数千个SRAM位置的设计空间探索,应用到实际设计时,我们可以对初始设计的SRAM时序结果平均改进75.5ps(提升177%)。

     

    Abstract: Floorplan is an important process whose quality determines the timing closure in integrated circuit (IC) physical design. And generating a floorplan with satisfying timing result is time-consuming because much time is spent on the generation-evaluation iteration. Applying machine learning to the floorplan stage is a potential method to accelerate the floorplan iteration. However, there exist two challenges which are selecting proper features and achieving a satisfying model accuracy. In this paper, we propose a machine learning framework for floorplan acceleration with feature selection and model stacking to cope with the challenges, targeting to reduce time and effort in integrated circuit physical design. Specifically, the proposed framework supports predicting post-route slack of static random-access memory (SRAM) in the early floorplan stage. Firstly, we introduce a feature selection method to rank and select important features. Considering both feature importance and model accuracy, we reduce the number of features from 27 to 15 (44% reduction), which can simplify the dataset and help educate novice designers. Then, we build a stacking model by combining different kinds of models to improve accuracy. In 28 nm technology, we achieve the mean absolute error of slacks less than 23.03 ps and effectively accelerate the floorplan process by reducing evaluation time from 8 hours to less than 60 seconds. Based on our proposed framework, we can do design space exploration for thousands of locations of SRAM instances in few seconds, much more quickly than the traditional approach. In practical application, we improve the slacks of SRAMs more than 75.5 ps (177% improvement) on average than the initial design.

     

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