Abstract: Configuration tuning is essential to optimize the performance of systems (e.g., databases, key-value stores). High performance usually indicates high throughput and low latency. At present, most of the tuning tasks of systems are performed artificially (e.g., by database administrators), but it is hard for them to achieve high performance through tuning in various types of systems and in various environments. In recent years, there have been some studies on tuning traditional database systems, but all these methods have some limitations. In this article, we put forward a tuning system based on attention-based deep reinforcement learning named WATuning, which can adapt to the changes of workload characteristics and optimize the system performance efficiently and effectively. Firstly, we design the core algorithm named ATT-Tune for WATuning to achieve the tuning task of systems. The algorithm uses workload characteristics to generate a weight matrix and acts on the internal metrics of systems, and then ATT-Tune uses the internal metrics with weight values assigned to select the appropriate configuration. Secondly, WATuning can generate multiple instance models according to the change of the workload so that it can complete targeted recommendation services for different types of workloads. Finally, WATuning can also dynamically fine-tune itself according to the constantly changing workload in practical applications so that it can better fit to the actual environment to make recommendations. The experimental results show that the throughput and the latency of WATuning are improved by 52.6% and decreased by 31%, respectively, compared with the throughput and the latency of CDBTune which is an existing optimal tuning method.