We use cookies to improve your experience with our site.

Indexed in:

SCIE, EI, Scopus, INSPEC, DBLP, CSCD, etc.

Submission System
(Author / Reviewer / Editor)
Dang F, Sun XK, Liu KB et al. A survey on clock synchronization in the Industrial Internet. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 38(1): 146−165 Jan. 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-023-2908-4.
Citation: Dang F, Sun XK, Liu KB et al. A survey on clock synchronization in the Industrial Internet. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 38(1): 146−165 Jan. 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-023-2908-4.

A Survey on Clock Synchronization in the Industrial Internet

Funds: This work is supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2021YFB 2900100.
More Information
  • Author Bio:

    Fan Dang received his B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in software engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, in 2013 and 2018, respectively. He is a research assistant professor in the Global Innovation Exchange, Tsinghua University, Beijing. He is a member of CCF, ACM, and IEEE. His research interests include the Industrial Internet, edge computing, and mobile security

    Xi-Kai Sun is an undergraduate student in the Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing. His research interests include the Industrial Internet and mobile security

    Ke-Bin Liu received his B.S. degree in computer science from Tongji University, Shanghai, in 2004. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, in 2007 and 2010, respectively. He is a research associate professor in the Global Innovation Exchange, Tsinghua University, Beijing. He is a member of CCF, ACM and IEEE. His research interests include Internet of Things, pervasive computing, network diagnosis, and artificial intelligence

    Yi-Fan Xu received his B.S. degree in software engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, in 2020. He is currently working toward his Ph.D. degree in the School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing. His research interests include the Industrial Internet

    Yun-Hao Liu received his B.E. degree from the Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, in 1995. He received his M.A. degree from Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, in 1997. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science and engineering from Michigan State University, East Lansing, in 2003 and 2004, respectively. He is a professor in the Department of Automation and the dean of the Global Innovation Exchange, Tsinghua University, Beijing. He is a fellow of CCF, ACM and IEEE. He is the Editor-in-Chief of ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks and Communications of the CCF. His research interests include Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks, indoor localization, the Industrial Internet, and cloud computing

  • Corresponding author:

    yunhao@tsinghua.edu.cn

  • Co-First Authors

  • Received Date: October 14, 2022
  • Accepted Date: January 08, 2023
  • Clock synchronization is one of the most fundamental and crucial network communication strategies. With the expansion of the Industrial Internet in numerous industrial applications, a new requirement for the precision, security, complexity, and other features of the clock synchronization mechanism has emerged in various industrial situations. This paper presents a study of standardized clock synchronization protocols and techniques for various types of networks, and a discussion of how these protocols and techniques might be classified. Following that is a description of how certain clock synchronization protocols and technologies, such as PROFINET, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), and other well-known industrial networking protocols, can be applied in a number of industrial situations. This study also investigates the possible future development of clock synchronization techniques and technologies.

  • [1]
    Lévesque M, Tipper D. A survey of clock synchronization over packet-switched networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2016, 18(4): 2926–2947. DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2590438.
    [2]
    Cintuglu M H, Mohammed O A, Akkaya K, Uluagac A S. A survey on smart grid cyber-physical system testbeds. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2017, 19(1): 446–464. DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2627399.
    [3]
    Yadav P, McCann J A, Pereira T. Self-synchronization in duty-cycled Internet of Things (IoT) applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2017, 4(6): 2058–2069. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2757138.
    [4]
    He J P, Cheng P, Shi L, Chen J M. SATS: Secure average-consensus-based time synchronization in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 2013, 61(24): 6387–6400. DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2013.2286102.
    [5]
    Regnath E, Shivaraman N, Shreejith S, Easwaran A, Steinhorst S. Blockchain, what time is it? Trustless datetime synchronization for IoT. In Proc. the 2020 International Conference on Omni-layer Intelligent Systems, Aug. 31–Sept. 2, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/COINS49042.2020.9191420.
    [6]
    Chalapathi G S S, Chamola V, Guranarayanan S et al. E-SATS: An efficient and simple time synchronization protocol for cluster-based wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019, 19(21): 10144–10156. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2922366.
    [7]
    Richards D, Abdelgawad A, Yelamarthi K. How does encryption influence timing in IoT? In Proc. the 2018 IEEE Global Conference on Internet of Things, Dec. 2018. DOI: 10.1109/GCIoT.2018.8620133.
    [8]
    Zhang K, Liang X H, Lu R X, Shen X M. Sybil attacks and their defenses in the Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2014, 1(5): 372–383. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2014.2344013.
    [9]
    Qiu T, Liu X Z, Han M, Ning H S, Wu D O. A secure time synchronization protocol against fake timestamps for large-scale Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2017, 4(6): 1879–1889. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2714904.
    [10]
    Elson J, Girod L, Estrin D. Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts. In Proc. the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Dec. 2002, pp.147–163.
    [11]
    Beke T, Dijk E, Ozcelebi T, Verhoeven R. Time synchronization in IoT mesh networks. In Proc. the 2020 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, Oct. 2020. DOI: 10.1109/ISNCC49221.2020.9297296.
    [12]
    Mani S K, Durairajan R, Barford P, Sommers J. An architecture for IoT clock synchronization. In Proc. the 8th International Conference on the Internet of Things, Oct. 2018, p.17. DOI: 10.1145/3277593.3277606.
    [13]
    Shi F R, Tuo X G, Yang S X, Lu J, Li H L. Rapid-flooding time synchronization for large-scale wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, 2020, 16(3): 1581–1590. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2019.2927292.
    [14]
    Ferrari F, Zimmerling M, Thiele L, Saukh O. Efficient network flooding and time synchronization with glossy. In Proc. the 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Apr. 2011, pp.73–84.
    [15]
    Huan X T, Kim K S. Per-hop delay compensation in time synchronization for multi-hop wireless sensor networks based on packet-relaying gateways. IEEE Communications Letters, 2020, 24(10): 2300–2304. DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2020.3002705.
    [16]
    Jia P Y, Wang X B, Shen X M. Digital-twin-enabled intelligent distributed clock synchronization in industrial IoT systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021, 8(6): 4548–4559. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3029131.
    [17]
    Jia P Y, Wang X B, Shen X M. Passive network synchronization based on concurrent observations in industrial IoT systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021, 8(18): 14028–14038. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3070242.
    [18]
    Zhu S P, Zheng X L, Liu L, Ma H D. AirSync: Time synchronization for large-scale IoT networks using aircraft signals. In Proc. the 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking, Jun. 2020. DOI: 10.1109/SECON48991.2020.9158433.
    [19]
    Nishi H, Song E Y, Nakamura Y, Lee K B, Liu Y C, Tsang K F. Time synchronization of IEEE P1451.0 and P1451.1.6 standard-based sensor networks. In Proc. the 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Oct. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589904.
    [20]
    Huan X T, Kim K S, Lee S, Lim E G, Marshall A. A beaconless asymmetric energy-efficient time synchronization scheme for resource-constrained multi-hop wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Communications, 2020, 68(3): 1716–1730. DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2960344.
    [21]
    Huan X T, Kim K S, Zhang J Q. NISA: Node identification and spoofing attack detection based on clock features and radio information for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Communications, 2021, 69(7): 4691–4703. DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3071448.
    [22]
    Bhandari S, Wang X B. Prioritized clock synchronization for event critical applications in wireless IoT networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019, 19(16): 7120–7128. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2912938.
    [23]
    Schmid T, Shea R, Charbiwala Z, Friedman J, Srivastava M B, Cho Y H. On the interaction of clocks, power, and synchronization in duty-cycled embedded sensor nodes. ACM Trans. Sensor Networks, 2010, 7(3): Article No. 24. DOI: 10.1145/1807048.1807053.
    [24]
    Yang S J, Xu C Q, Guan J F, Zhang T. Event-based diffusion Kalman filter strategy for clock synchronization in WSNs. In Proc. the 2018 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications, Oct. 2018, pp.270–276. DOI: 10.1109/NANA.2018.8648770.
    [25]
    Jia P Y, Wang X B, Zheng K. Distributed clock synchronization based on intelligent clustering in local area industrial IoT systems. IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, 2020, 16(6): 3697–3707. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2019.2937331.
    [26]
    Wang Z W, Zeng P, Kong L H, Li D, Jin X. Node-identification-based secure time synchronization in industrial wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 2018, 18(8): 2718. DOI: 10.3390/s18082718.
    [27]
    Wu J, Zhang L Y, Bai Y, Sun Y S. Cluster-based consensus time synchronization for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2015, 15(3): 1404–1413. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2014.2363471.
    [28]
    Kadambar S, Chavva A K R. Low complexity ML synchronization for 3GPP NB-IoT. In Proc. the 2018 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, Jul. 2018, pp.307–311. DOI: 10.1109/SPCOM.2018.8724439.
    [29]
    Dian F J, Yousefi A, Somaratne K. A study in accuracy of time synchronization of BLE devices using connection-based event. In Proc. the 8th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference, Oct. 2017, pp.595–601. DOI: 10.1109/IEMCON.2017.8117156.
    [30]
    Gore R N, Lisova E, Åkerberg J, Björkman M. CoSiNeT: A lightweight clock synchronization algorithm for industrial IoT. In Proc. the 4th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems, May 2021, pp.92–97. DOI: 10.1109/ICPS49255.2021.9468174.
    [31]
    Sommer P, Wattenhofer R. Gradient clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks. In Proc. the 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Apr. 2009, pp.37–48.
    [32]
    Li Y, Chen S, Lin F J. A coarse timing synchronization method of low SNR OFDM systems for IoT. In Proc. the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications, Nov. 2018, pp.166–167. DOI: 10.1109/CICTA.2018.8705961.
    [33]
    Alvarez M A, Spagnolini U. Collision vs non-collision distributed time synchronization for dense IoT deployments. In Proc. the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications, May 2017. DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2017.7997469.
    [34]
    Idrees Z, Granados J, Sun Y, Latif S, Gong L, Zou Z, Zheng L R. IEEE 1588 for clock synchronization in industrial IoT and related applications: A review on contributing technologies, protocols and enhancement methodologies. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 155660–155678. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3013669.
    [35]
    Djenouri D. R 4Syn: Relative referenceless receiver/receiver time synchronization in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2012, 19(4): 175–178. DOI: 10.1109/LSP.2012.2185491.
    [36]
    Cheng S Y, Cai Z P, Li J Z, Gao H. Extracting kernel dataset from big sensory data in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2017, 29(4): 813–827. DOI: 10.1109/TKDE.2016.2645212.
    [37]
    Su W, Akyildiz I F. Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, 2005, 13(2): 384–397. DOI: 10.1109/TNET.2004.842228.
    [38]
    Gong F Y, Sichitiu M L. CESP: A low-power high-accuracy time synchronization protocol. IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, 2016, 65(4): 2387–2396. DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2015.2417810.
    [39]
    Resner D, Fröhlich A A, Wanner L F. Speculative precision time protocol: Submicrosecond clock synchronization for the IoT. In Proc. the 21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Sept. 2016. DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2016.7733533.
    [40]
    Raju N, Hasan K F. A feasibility study on SNTP and SPoT protocols on time synchronization in Internet of Things. arXiv: 2010.09219, 2020. https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.09219, Dec. 2022.
    [41]
    Bansal M, Gupta A. Out-degree based clock synchronization in wireless networks using precision time protocol. In Proc. the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems, Dec. 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ANTS.2018.8710042.
    [42]
    Maróti M, Kusy B, Simon S, Lédeczi Á. The flooding time synchronization protocol. In Proc. the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Nov. 2004, pp.39–49. DOI: 10.1145/1031495.1031501.
    [43]
    Sheu J P, Hu W K, Lin J C. Ratio-based time synchronization protocol in wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems, 2008, 39(1): 25–35. DOI: 10.1007/s11235-008-9081-5.
    [44]
    Kim K S, Lee S, Lim E G. Energy-efficient time synchronization based on asynchronous source clock frequency recovery and reverse two-way message exchanges in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Communications, 2017, 65(1): 347–359. DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2016.2626281.
    [45]
    Noh K L, Serpedin E, Qaraqe K. A new approach for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: Pairwise broadcast synchronization. IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, 2008, 7(9): 3318–3322. DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2008.070343.
    [46]
    Qiu T, Chi L, Guo W et al. STETS: A novel energy-efficient time synchronization scheme based on embedded networking devices. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 2015, 39(8): 1285–1295. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpro.2015.07.006.
    [47]
    Qiu T, Zhang Y S, Qiao D J, Zhang X Y, Wymore M L, Sangaiah A K. A robust time synchronization scheme for Industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, 2018, 14(8): 3570–3580. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2017.2738842.
    [48]
    Navas R E, Toutain L. LATe: A lightweight authenticated time synchronization protocol for IoT. In Proc. the 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit, Jun. 2018. DOI: 10.1109/GIOTS.2018.8534565.
    [49]
    Fan K, Wang S Y, Ren Y H, Yang K, Yan Z, Li H, Yang Y T. Blockchain-based secure time protection scheme in IoT. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2019, 6(3): 4671–4679. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2874222.
    [50]
    He J P, Cheng P, Shi L, Chen J M, Sun Y X. Time synchronization in WSNs: A maximum-value-based consensus approach. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 2014, 59(3): 660–675. DOI: 10.1109/TAC.2013.2286893.
    [51]
    Schenato L, Fiorentin F. Average TimeSynch: A consensus-based protocol for clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks. Automatica, 2011, 47(9): 1878–1886. DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.06.012.
    [52]
    Wang Z W, Zeng P, Zhou M T, Li D, Wang J T. Cluster-based maximum consensus time synchronization for industrial wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 2017, 17(1): 141. DOI: 10.3390/s17010141.
    [53]
    Shivaraman N, Schuster P, Ramanathan S, Easwaran A, Steinhorst S. C-Sync: The resilient time synchronization protocol. In Proc. the 19th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (poster), Apr. 2020, pp.333–334. DOI: 10.1109/IPSN48710.2020.00-20.
    [54]
    Hu X, Park T, Shin K G. Attack-tolerant time-synchronization in wireless sensor networks. In Proc. the 27th Conference on Computer Communications, Apr. 2008, pp.41–45. DOI: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2008.17.
    [55]
    He J P, Chen J M, Cheng P, Cao X H. Secure time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: A maximum consensus-based approach. IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2014, 25(4): 1055–1065. DOI: 10.1109/TPDS.2013.150.
    [56]
    Feld J. PROFINET-scalable factory communication for all applications. In Proc. the 2004 IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, Sept. 2004, pp.33–38. DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2004.1377673.
    [57]
    Fontanelli D, Macii D, Rinaldi S, Ferrari P, Flammini A. Performance analysis of a clock state estimator for PROFINET IO IRT synchronization. In Proc. the 2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, May 2013, pp.1828–1833. DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555730.
    [58]
    Ferrari P, Flammini A, Marioli D, Rinaldi S, Sisinni E, Taroni A, Venturini F. Clock synchronization of PTP-based devices through PROFINET IO networks. In Proc. the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Sept. 2008, pp.496–499. DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2008.4638445.
    [59]
    Ferrari P, Flammini A, Rinaldi S, Sisinni E. On the seamless interconnection of IEEE1588-based devices using a PROFINET IO infrastructure. IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, 2010, 6(3): 381–392. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2010.2051954.
    [60]
    Val I, Seijo ó, Torrego R, Astarloa A. IEEE 802.1AS clock synchronization performance evaluation of an integrated wired-wireless TSN architecture. IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, 2022, 18(5): 2986–2999. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2021.3106568.
    [61]
    Zhao Y, Yang Z, He X W, Wu J H, Cao H, Dong L, Dang F, Liu Y H. E-TSN: Enabling event-triggered critical traffic in time-sensitive networking for industrial applications. In Proc. the 42nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, Jul. 2022, pp.691–701. DOI: 10.1109/ICDCS54860.2022.00072.
    [62]
    Chen D J, Nixon M, Mok A. WirelessHARTTM: Real-Time Mesh Network for Industrial Automation. Springer, 2010.
    [63]
    Saifullah A, Xu Y, Lu C Y, Chen Y X. End-to-end delay analysis for fixed priority scheduling in WirelessHART networks. In Proc. the 17th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, Apr. 2011, pp.13–22. DOI: 10.1109/RTAS.2011.10.
    [64]
    Wang Y J, Qian Z H, Wang G Q, Zhang X. Research on energy-efficient time synchronization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2012, 34(9): 2174–2179. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1146.2012.00236.
    [65]
    Huang T, Huang S Z. Low power WirelessHART network time synchronization protocol. Chinese Journal of Electron Devices, 2014, 37(1): 85–88. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9490.2014.01.021. (in Chinese)
    [66]
    Liang W, Zhang X L, Xiao Y, Wang F Q, Zeng P, Yu H B. Survey and experiments of WIA-PA specification of industrial wireless network. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2011, 11(8): 1197–1212. DOI: 10.1002/wcm.976.
    [67]
    He N, Liu F. Research on time synchronization of WIA-PA industrial wireless networks. In Proc. the 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering, Dec. 2009. DOI: 10.1109/CISE.2009.5363213.
    [68]
    Rahman M, El-Khatib K. Secure time synchronization for wireless sensor networks based on bilinear pairing functions. IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/TPDS.2010.94.
    [69]
    Sivrikaya F, Yener B. Time synchronization in sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Network, 2004, 18(4): 45–50. DOI: 10.1109/MNET.2004.1316761.
    [70]
    Faizulkhakov Y R. Time synchronization methods for wireless sensor networks: A survey. Programming and Computer Software, 2007, 33(4): 214–226. DOI: 10.1134/S0361768807040044.
    [71]
    Lasassmeh S M, Conrad J M. Time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: A survey. In Proc. the 2010 IEEE SoutheastCon, Mar. 2010, pp.242-245. DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2010.5453878.
    [72]
    Sarvghadi M A, Wan T C. Message passing based time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: A survey. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2016, 12(5): 1280904. DOI: 10.1155/2016/1280904.
    [73]
    Puttnies H, Danielis P, Sharif A R, Timmermann D. Estimators for time synchronization—Survey, analysis, and outlook. IoT, 2020, 1(2): 398–435. DOI: 10.3390/iot1020023.
  • Related Articles

    [1]Bo-Lei Zhang, Zhu-Zhong Qian, Wen-Zhong Li, Bin Tang, Sang-Lu Lu, Xiaoming Fu. Budget Allocation for Maximizing Viral Advertising in Social Networks[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2016, 31(4): 759-775. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-016-1661-3
    [2]Jin-Qi Zhu, Li Lu, Chun-Mei Ma. From Interest to Location: Neighbor-Based Friend Recommendation in Social Media[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(6): 1188-1200. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-015-1593-3
    [3]Hong Tang, Shuai Mu, Jin Huang, Jia Zhu, Jian Chen, Rui Ding. Zip: An Algorithm Based on Loser Tree for Common Contacts Searching in Large Graphs[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(4): 799-809. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-015-1561-y
    [4]Elena Garcia-Barriocanal, Miguel-Angel Sicilia, Salvador S&aacutenchez-Alonso. Social Network-Aware Interfaces as Facilitators of Innovation[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2012, 27(6): 1211-1221. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-012-1297-x
    [5]Farnoush Farhadi, Maryam Sorkhi, Sattar Hashemi, Ali Hamzeh. An Effective Framework for Fast Expert Mining in Collaboration Networks: A Group-Oriented and Cost-Based Method[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2012, 27(3): 577-590. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-012-1245-9
    [6]Jun Hu, Bing Wang, Yu Liu, De-Yi Li. Personalized Tag Recommendation Using Social Influence[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2012, 27(3): 527-540. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-012-1241-0
    [7]Yu Zhang, Tong Yu. Mining Trust Relationships from Online Social Networks[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2012, 27(3): 492-505. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-012-1238-8
    [8]Huai-Yu Wan, Student, You-Fang Lin, Zhi-Hao Wu, Hou-Kuan Huang. Discovering Typed Communities in Mobile Social Networks[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2012, 27(3): 480-491. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-012-1237-9
    [9]Zhi-Hao Wu, You-Fang Lin, Steve Gregory, Huai-Yu Wan, Student, Sheng-Feng Tian. Balanced Multi-Label Propagation for Overlapping Community Detection in Social Networks[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2012, 27(3): 468-479. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-012-1236-x
    [10]Nan Ding, Shu-De Zhou, Zeng-Qi Sun. Histogram-Based Estimation of Distribution Algorithm: A Competent Method for Continuous Optimization[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2008, 23(1): 35-43.

Catalog

    Article views (528) PDF downloads (41) Cited by()
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return